Ko ngā kōpae whakairo tino maeneene te tino pai o ngā taputapu whakairo papaku, i hangaia hei whakaputa i ngā mata he tino maeneene, he tata tonu ki te kounga matapihi, mā te whakakore i ngā hē katoa e kitea ana, e kitea ana hoki i te kōpae. Ka whakamahia e ēnei kōpae ngā matūriki kōaro tino pai te taimana nanoscale, te silicon colloidal, te cerium oxide rānei e whakairihia ana ki roto i tētahi matatini tino ngohengohe, e hāngai ana (microfiber, te puehu nanocellulose, ngā polymers motuhake rānei) e Ko te kī o ō rātou mahi ko tō rātou kaha ki te tango i ngā rauemi i roto i ngā paparanga e iti ana i ētahi paparanga kotahi ngota, e karo ana i te hanga o ngā ngaru hou, me te whakapai ake i ngā mea o mua ki te āhua kore e kitea. Kua hangaia te rauemi tautoko hei whakaiti i nga wiri me te tohatoha i te pēhanga kia ōrite, hei aukati i te kakano o te kiri o te karaka, i te ngaru ranei i te mata oti. Ka whakamahia ngā kōpae whakairo tino maeneene me ngā taputapu motuhake iti-tere, iti-ngāngaro, i te nuinga o te wā i te taha o ngā hinu kakara (wai deionized, wai-waipiro) e kawe atu ana i ngā paru me te kore e whakauru i ngā poke. I roto i te hanga puku mārō, ka whakairohia e rātau ngā papa hei whakarite i te tika o te upoko pānui/tuhi autō. I roto i te hanga muka whatu, ka oti i a rātou ngā pito muka kia iti rawa ai te ngaronga tohu. I roto i te mahi karaka papai, ka hangaia e rātau he mata whakaata ki runga i ngā pouaka me ngā mata o te whakarewa utu nui. Mō ngā tāuru hauora, ka tutuki i a rātau te maeneene e whakaiti ana i te whakapataritari kiko, e whakanui ana hoki i te hototahi koiora. He mea nui ēnei kōpae i ngā rāngai hanga matatau, e pā ana tika ana te kounga o te mata ki te mahipaerewa rorohiko (ngā wāhanga arā), te rererangi (ngā papa pūkaha), me te hangarau nano (ngā pūoko). Mā te whakatū i ngā rohe o te whakapaipai o te mata, ka taea e ngā kōpae whakairo tino maeneene te whakaputa i ngā hua tino pai, tino tika e tautuhi ana i te taha o mua o te hangarau me te mahi.