Me Pēhea te Whakamahi i ngā Taputapu Matepōuri mō te Tukatuka Mātai Uaua

Te mātauranga i ngā Taputapu Tapa Whakarewa me Ā rātou Tikanga Mahi

Ko ngā taputapu mata kirihi e whakamahi ana i te mea hāngai rawa atu hei mahi tika ina mahi ana ki ngā matēra hāngai pērā i ngā rino, ngā matēra takirua, me ētahi atu metara kore-huatea. Ko te hoahoa he awhiawhi pūpahi ranei o ngā kirihi hangarua e āki ai i te mōrearea o te pakaru, ā, e tuku ana anō i te manawaroa hoki ki te wareware. Ko te mea e pai ai ēnei taputapu ko te whakamahi i te pono taumaha o te kirihi, e toru mano V (Vickers) pea te tatau. Mā tēnā pea e taea ai te mata i te rahi o te mataiti kaua ko te nui o te wera e hua mai ana, he mea nui tēnei ina mahi ana ki ngā matēra māmā, ki ngā matēra arai-wera e pakaru, e māmihi rānei ai mā te wera nui.

He aha ngā taputapu mata kirihi, me pēhea hoki te mahi ake?

Ko ngā taputapu matepōri rite ki te heru e rua ngā āhua matua e mōhiotia ana i ēnei rā: ngā pūtini tītarai hoki rite tāpiri, i te heru, i te wāhanga rānei e piri ana ngā heru ki ngā paparanga. Ina mahi ana ki ngā matērahi, ko ngā tapa heru anō e pakaru ana i te hononga o te matērahi mā te tāwhai mekanikē, kaua ko te tanumia. Ka hua mai he mata tino māmā, i te mea ka tae ki te Ra 0.02 miriamita te kounga o te mata. Mā te whakarārangihia i ngā taputapu karbiti noa, kei te 10 ki te 15 ngā wā ake pea te roa o te wā e maroke ai ngā taputapu heru ina mahi ana ki ngā matērahi pāwaro. He aha ai? Nō te mea ko te heru he mea uaua rawa, ā, e 90 GPa te nekehanga uaua, ā, ka taea hoki te kawe wera e 2,000 W ia mita Kelvin. Arānei, ka taea te wehe i te wera tino pai i te wā o te mahi, ka āwhina i te aronga ki te mahi me te roa o te taputapu.

Ngā momo Taputapu Matepōri Heru: PCD, CVD, me ngā Rerekē e Huinga Heru

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā taputapu heru e dominā ana i ngā whakamahinga hangarau:

1. Te Heru Tītarai (PCD) — Ngā pārtihana tapia tiamata kua hāngai ki te tungsten carbide, he pai mō ngā totohe takotoranga i roto i ngā huinga
2. Ngā Taputapu Tiamata CVD — Ngā takotoranga tiamata rau-tokowhā kua tipu mai mā te whakapae ā-hiko (chemical vapor deposition), ka whakamahia ki te māhere pūmahara o ngā taputapu taupiri
3. Ngā Taputapu Piri Tiamata — Ngā paparanga tiamata iti-kiripuaki ka huaina ki ngā papatipu carbide mā te HFCVD (Hot Filament CVD), e tuku ana i tētahi ratonga utu-whaihua mō te paraihe i ngā taputapu rino

Kāti ngā taputapu PCD i ngā kaha totohe e 700 N ana i ngā huinga matīriki-metara, waihoki ka eke ngā momo CVD ki te pono ±0.5 μm ki ngā wae taputapu hōkio rākau.

Ngā Tikanga Tango Mātai i te Mahi Tiamata

I te mahi mātai pūrangi, ka tango ngā taputapu tiamata i te mātai mā:

• Te totohe arataki-āhua (mō ngā rinohe i raro i te teitei matua o 0.2 μm)
• Te kawenga o ngā herekau iti i ngā matapae pāwaro pērā i te karaiti hiorahi
• Te warenga thermochemical te whakaitinga mā te kōngota wera o te heru

Ko tēnei mahi takitahi me te mahi wera e whakaiti ana i te haringa i raro i te 60—80% mō te kīmaha arai, kātahi ka whakaaturia ki ngā whakamātautau whakapaku zirconia (Yuan et al., 2023).

Te whakapaku I nga Rino, nga Huinga, me nga Huinga Mātai Kōhatu ki ngā Taputapu Heru

Ko ngā taputapu kua whakapiria ki te paraihe he mea nui ina mahi ana ki ngā matapae pērā i te silicon carbide me ngā rino alumina, nā te mea e kore ngā taputapu toki noa e taea te pupuri i tā rātou pūmahana tino kaha e 8 ki te 9.5 nekehana Mohs. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu motuhake te pupuri i ngā pauna tino tata, pea ±0.005 mirimita, ina tapahi ana i ngā composite karboni fiber e whakamahia ana ki ngā porowhita motukā, ka penapena i ngā raru wehenga matapae umanga e toru haurua mō te rua haurua mā te ingoa carbide noa, ā, e ai ki te rangahau mai i te Precision Engineering Society i te 2023. Mā te tapahi paraihe anō hoki i ngā composite matrix taraiwa pērā i te parahi kua wiritia ki te silicon carbide, ka pupuri ake te tūwāhi o ngā wāhanga ahakoa ka tino wera te mīhini, i etahi wā heke ake i te 400°C. E kōrero ana ngā ripoi a te tūmatanui mō ngā kaihanga e huri ana ki ngā toka paraihe, ko te utu moni mō te whakakapi taputapu e toru haurua pea te iti ake ina hāngai ana ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga composite maha.

Makini Tino Whaiaro ki ngā Taputapu Kirima ki ngā Tāpoi Ahumahi me ngā Hauora

Ko te tāpoi ahumahi hākai e horoi ana i ngā taputapu kirima takirua mō te mahi ki ngā rama Inconel, e whiwhi ana i ngā āhua mata iti ake i te Ra 0.2 mikirona ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pēhanga hau i te wā o te rerenga. Mō ngā taputapu hauora, ka huri ngā kaihanga ki ngā taputapu kirima polycrystalline, i runga i te PCD, hei āhua i ngā taumata titanium mō ngā tarau tuarā. E hoatu ana e ēnei taputapu te pono tūnga e 3 mikirona, e ū ana ki te wherenga FDA o 5 mikirona mō ngā mata e whai pā ki te tinana. E ai ki tētahi ripihana tāpoi hou mai i te tau 2024, i te nuinga o ngā kamupene i huri atu ki ngā taputapu kirima, ka pai ake te ihirangi o ō rātou tikanga makini e te 28% i te wā e hangaia ana ngā karu whakamātao. Ka taea e tēnei whanaketanga te eke ki ērā o ngā rerekētanga maroke rawa atu e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono rihi tino whaiaro.

Whakanuianuia te Āhua Mata i te Makini Matū Pūmau Mā Nga Taputapu PCD

Koinekoi ana ngā taputapu tākarotia polycrystalline (PCD) i te piko o te mata umere noa rānei mā te 40 ōrau ina tākarotia te tungsten carbide. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu te whiwhi i ngā uara Ra heke ake i te 0.08 micrometers, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā totohu me ngā matā e hiahiatia ana kia marino penei i te mata paraire. Ina koa ngā PCD mōhini anuanu e 8 ki te 12 microns ngā karaihe tākarotia, ka roa ake hoki te ora. I whakaatu ngā whakamātautau ko ēnei taputapu e pupū ana i te mahi tūtata, he iti ake i te 2% te takotoranga o te takotoranga mata i runga i te 1,200 ngā wā tākarotia ina mahi ana ki ngā piriti kiriaki kiriaki. Ko te roanga o te ora o ngā taputapu ka nui ake te uara mō ngā kaihanga e mahi ana ki ngā matapae hunga e hiahiatia ana te tūtata.

Te Whakamātau i te Mahi me te Manawaroa ki te Wareware o ngā Taputapu Tākarotia Tākarotia

Ngā Tikanga Whakamātau i te Mahi Tākarotia: Te Wearware Tāpae, Ngā Whakamātau Hāpai, me ngā Whakamātautau Tākarotia

Ina arotake ana i ngā taputapu tāpahi taipō, ko te tikanga mōhio o te ahumāra e toru ngā āhuatanga matua e mōhiotia ana: te wear pātata, ngā coefficient whakapae, me te mahi ake i ngā wherenga tāpahi. Hei tauira, ina mahi ana ki ngā karapotai silicon carbide, ko ngā taputapu PCD e whakaatu ana i te wear pātata kei te 0.02 mm i muri i te rua haora o te mahi tāpahi tūhonohono, e hāngai ana ki te 63% te pai ake i ngā taputapu carbide tīmata ai e kitea ana e Ponemon i tana rangahau i te tau ki muri. I whakaatu hoki ngā whakamātautau i runga i ngā karapotai zirconia he mea hou. Ko ngā kōpae taipō taipō e pupū ana i ngā coefficient whakapae i raro i te 0.15 i te wā o te tāpahi maroke, arā ko te iti ake o te whakapae i ērā kōpae kāore i te taipō. Ka nui te take ki te roa o te taputapu me te kounga o te mahi.

Te Arataki Wear me te Whakawhitinga Taipō i ngā Taputapu Taipō

Ko te wehenga ko te aronga matua o ngā kapua diamanti, ā, ina heke ana ki te mahi i ngā karaihe rino. E whakaatu ana ngā tūhuratanga matūrangi ko ngā tikanga hokohoko pūtini (CVD) kua whanaketia e iti ake ana te mōrearea wehenga umanga 38% tru ngā tīmatanga paraihe kua whanaketia. Ko te tātari i te haere ake o ngā pakaru iti e whakaatu ana ko ngā kapua diamanti maha te hanganga e taea ai te herekenga kōpae 27% ake i ngā kapua takitahi i mua i te porerua o te papa.

Te Mātai o te Pakaru o ngā Kapua Diamanti i raro i ngā Tikanga Mahi Piko

I raro i ngā tikanga mahi tere (≥ 800 m/min), e mau ana ngā kapua diamanti i ngā uara pakaru pakaru e piki ake i te 8 MPa√m, e manawataki ana i te ahunga tapa i te wā o te tukatuka i ngā matapae piko. Ko ngā whakamātautau pūmahana e whakaatu ana ko ēnei kapua e pupuri ana i te 91% o tā rātou pūmahana pū atu ki te 600°C, i te tuarā pea ki te 62% mō ngā taputapu karaihe tungsten.

Te Whaitua Taputapu i raro i ngā Tikanga Mahi: Te Pānga o te Paipa me te Tūpoki

Ko te tātari i ngā rū hihiri-iteitei i te wā o te mahi polimer kua whakakīia ki te karaihe rū, e whakaatu ana ko ngā karu whakakīia ki te tapaonga he 44% te iti ake i ngā tapaonga kāore i whakakīia. Ko ngā pūkenga ā-pūpahi a te tapaonga he mea nui ki te heke i te mata ohou (Ra) o te taputapu mai i 1.2 μm ki 0.4 μm i ngā mahi puremu mātai ara-rangi.

Tapaonga Tapaongia vs. Kāore i Tapaongia: Te Whakawhitinga i te Ora Taputapu me te Manawaroa ki te Wareware

I ngā tātari mātai mō te paraihe karboni, e 3.8 ngā wā te roa ake o ngā karu tapaonga i ngā tapaonga karbide kāore i tapaongia. Ko ngā ine tātari i te radius o te tapa e whakaatu ana ko te wareware i ngā toto tapaonga he 82% te iti ake i muri i te 8 haora o te mahi titanium, ka tiakina ai te tikanga o te tapa ki roto i ngā paerewa ±2 μm.

Te Whakapai ake i te Whakaputanga Tapaonga Tapaonga mā te HFCVD Hangarau

Me Pēhea te HFCVD Ka Whakapai ake i te Whakauru me te Ū Āhua o te Tapaonga Tapaonga

Ko te Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition, nō te HFCVD māmā, ka tuku tino āwhina ki ngā kaihanga i te whanaketanga i ngā takotoranga tapaono, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē i ngā huangahu me te mahana o te matū. I ngā whakamātautau i runga i te zirconia machining, i kitea ai ko ngā takotoranga i hangaia tēnei ara e here ana ki ngā mata e te 34 ōrau atu ake i ngā huarahi CVD noa i raro i ngā rangahau i tukuna ai tau ki mua i Materials Today. Ko te mea e tīmata ai te HFCVD ko te āhua kotahi o te takotoranga e pa ana ki ngā taputapu e whai āhua herenga herengia ana, ka pupuri i ngā panoni i raro iho i ngā rua mikirōmita puta noa i te wae ma te pupuri i ērā tapa paku. Ka taea e ngā inijiniere te whakarerekē i te paraire o te metana me te hōhihi hei toronga i te kotahitanga o te takotoranga atu anō i te tohu 98 ōrau, e muru ana tino i ngā arawhata iti i raro i ngā tikanga pikinga kaha kei reira ka pakaru tonu ngā taputapu.

Mahi a Multilayer, Bilayer, and Monolayer Diamond Coatings i te Pikinga i ngā Taputapu Zirconia

I whakaatu ngā tūhuratanga hou he rerekētanga mahi i waenganui i ngā takotoranga kōpae diamanti ina tapahi ana i te zirconia 3Y-TZP:

Kei te tuku ngā kōpae iti noa rānei ngā tapa 40% te roa ake o te oranga taputapu i ngā putanga monolayer nā te wehenga pai ake i te pēhanga. Ko ngā takotoranga nanocrystalline me ngā takotoranga microcrystalline e huri haere ana e whai kaha ana i te nergi whakangungu i te wātea, ka pupuri i ngā mata o ≤ 0.35 μm Ra trū 85% o te ora whakamahi o te taputapu, kua whakaaetia ki ngā tākarotanga tere teitei.